Iida M… Rhea D… Pantel… Nestor…

When you are designing a fault-shifter circuit interface for a 5V TTL output, how do you protect a 3.3V CMOS input? The interface must tolerate the 5V high and limit the voltage to 3.3V plus a safe margin for the downstream device. Robustness against possible faults is a key requirement for this professional and reliable architecture.